WORD PROCESSING

Among the most common uses of a computer in today's society is in the form of a word processor. The computer has replaced the typewriter as a tool in modern offices and typewriters are becoming more and more like small computers with a memory and a variety of possible print styles. In this unit we will:

• Use a powerful word processor called Appleworks

• Prepare a document on the word processor, save it and print the document.



A word processor provides you with a blank screen instead of a blank sheet of paper upon which you can type any document that would normally be prepared by a typewriter. The advantage of a word processor over a typewriter are several in number:

1. Ease in correcting mistakes.

2. Ease in changing the format of the document.

3. Ease in printing the final document at rapid speeds.

4. Ease in storing the original document - on disk!

Perhaps the only real disadvantage of a word processor over a typewriter is that you can't fill in many preprinted forms, like a job application, using a word processor. Many organizations, including colleges and universities, have their forms available on the internet which allow you to fill them out with a computer word-processor.
APPLEWORKS OPENING SCREEN

You will find Appleworks if you open the Macintosh HD on your desktop inside the Applications folder, then the Appleworks folder. If for some reason you do NOT have a Macintosh HD icon on your desktop you will need to do the following: From the Finder, press Command + N, this will bring up a Finder window. From there you can navigate to your Applications folder.

When you open AppleWorks you will be greeted by the screen below which give you several options for types of documents to create: word processing, spreadsheet, data base, drawing, painting, and presentation.


Click on ‘Word Processing’ or press Command + N to create a blank document. You should see something similar to the screen below.

THE FILE MENU

The file menu is very similar to the file menu found on in the other applications you may have used. It allows you to create a New... document and will pop open a small window to create any type of Appleworks document. If you have already started a document, you may use Open... to retrieve a file which you have on your disk. After working on a document you may Save you document on your disk or use the "Command” + “S" keys as in other applications! You may Print... your document to the laser printer or use the “Command” + “P” keys as before. Finally you may Quit AppleWorks or use “Command” + “Q” to exit the application. Page Setup... allows you change the orientation of your page, from standard layout to landscape.

THE EDIT MENU

The edit menu provides the same set of Cut, Copy, Paste, and Select All options as other applications. The Spelling option is found in the Writing Tools submenu as shown below. Also available here are the various Insert commands. Insert Equation... will bring up Appleworks’ equation editor. Insert Date will give you various options on inserting the current date. Insert Time allows you a range of options on inserting the current time. Insert Page # will give you the ability to put self counting page numbers in your document.

THE FORMAT MENU

The most useful item in this menu is the Document... option. This option lets you change the format of your document by adjusting margins and changing the number of columns. The dialog box you get by choosing ths option looks like the one below. The margins can be adjusted by changing the numbers in the left hand column.

The ruler at the top of your document allows you to make other changes to the format of the text of your document. The ruler is shown below.


After selecting your text you can change the spacing of you document to doubled spaced using the line option on the ruler. You can center selected text by clicking the centering icon. And you can change the number of columns in selected text by using the two column icon .

You can also adjust the location of your text, i.e. left adjust, center, right adjust, or justify. Justify forces your text to fill the window by adding extra spaces between words. This paragraph is justified. You can see that it spans from the left side of the document, to the right, filling all the available space so that the text touches either side of the document. You won’t normally use this option, but there are times it can be handy.

Text, Outline, Table, Window and Help menus.

The TEXT menu allows to change the appearance of your text on your screen. From this menu you can change the font you are using, the size of the font, the style (bold, italics, sub and superscript, etc) and even the color (you will be printing in black and white no matter what font color you choose).

The OUTLINE menu allows you to do some different types of formatting to your document. From here you can create lists, bullets sheets, and other interesting things.

The TABLE menu allows you to insert and edit tables. Tables allow you greater control of images and text in relation to each other in your document. If you were paying attention, you would notice the use of tables in the document you are reading right now!

The WINDOW menu allows you to change the way you’re viewing your document. It will also show and hide various tool pallettes, such as the button bar at the top of your window.

The HELP menu will bring up the help application for Appleworks. You can then browse the topics and learn solutions to your problems in Appleworks.
Interesting characters and things...

QUICK HINTS
Need a page break? “Command” + “Enter” (NOT RETURN) or “Shift” + “Enter”

Need Bold? “Command” + “b”

Need Italics? “Command” + “i”

Spell Check? “Command” + “=”

Wondering what those symbols mean? They are more keyboard shortucts, similar to “Command” and another key. The indicates you need to press (and hold) the “Shift” key. The is telling you to press (and hold) the “Option” key. The indicates you need to press the “Enter” key. The indicates you need to press (and hold) the “Command” or “Apple” key. (The key with the little apple on it also has the symbol on it)

TYPING A NEW DOCUMENT

As you are typing your document, it is important to save you document regularly as described in the File menu earlier. The first time you save, you will be asked to give the file a name.



Blinded By Science
Find the file "Blinded by Science" in the Appleworks folder on the Computer Lit. share on thetnet.thet.net and then make it look like the text below. (To find the folder: from the Finder, press “Command” + “k” to bring up the connect to server window. Type thetnet.thet.net in the line, then press connect. In the dialiog box that shows up, press the radio button to change the log in to guest, press ok. You will see a list of available shares, choose Computer Lit. and press ok. You will find the Appleworks folder in the computer lit disk icon on your screen. Ask for help if you need it.)

You can make water, H2O, by combining Hydrogen gas (H2) with Oxygen gas (O2). You need to use subscripts to type chemical formulas. The reaction is as follows: H2 (g) + O2(g) -----> H2O (g) The temperature today might be 30°C, or perhaps 86°F. The degree symbol is written by holding down the option key with the shift key and then pressing the 8 key. In math, you need to write using superscripts, for example: 6.02 x 1023, or 5 x 105 Or, you can find the formula for the area of a circle, which is πr2h. In the symbol font, you can get all kinds of interesting characters, such as: ß, ©, and you can put in those interesting accents and umlauts, as in ménu and Chloë. You put in an accent by holding down the option key and pressing an e (which produces nothing right away), and then releasing the option key and typing an e. If you want the two dots (umlauts) over the e, hold down the option key and press the u, and then release those keys and type any letter. The dots will appear over that letter! Don't forget those interesting things like Mr. Børg, which has that strange character in it. It is usually an option-o in most fonts.

Looking for a character that’s not listed above, and you’re not sure how to create it? In OSX there is wonderful little app known as Keyboard Viewer. It’s located under the little flag in your menu bar.

Modifying text is easy. For example, if you want superscript, simply select the block of text you want to change, then select Superscript from the Text menu as shown here. You can choose other styles as well from here.

IMPORTANT! BE SURE YOU HAVE SAVED YOUR TYPING BY PRESSING “COMMAND” + "S" !

EDITING A DOCUMENT

If you have been successful with the Blinded By Science file, open the file named FULL OF TYPOS from the Appleworks folder and correct the spelling using the Appleworks spell checker AND your eyes. The spell checker will not find all of the 28 errors in the file, in fact, it will only find 17.

PRINTING A DOCUMENT

You may print your document at any time by using “Command” + “P” . You will be given the option of choosing which pages to print or to print the whole document.


Below is shown a corrected document which you will need to edit from the files found in the Appleworks forlder; it is called FROST I. Your next assignment is to make FROST I look like the text below:

THE ROAD NOT TAKEN Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. -Robert Frost

FIND/CHANGE MENU

The next assignment involves making repeated changes to a file. Thefind/change submenu within the edit menu is very useful when you want to change something in a file that appears more than once. Let's say you are Nancy Farmer working on Falada: The Goose Girl’s Horse and you decide that the name Conrad doesn't fit and you want to change it to Doug instead. You don't have to locate each instance of Conrad and change it to Doug, you can use the find/change menu instead. Your next assignment is to try a few find/changes. Open the file "Find and Change" from your Appleworks folder and make the following changes:

Change all instances of Conrad to Doug.

Change all instances of silver to gold.

Change all instances of queen to king.

Wait! If you change queen to king, you will have to change some she and her words to he and him. Also, if the letters "her" appear in the word "there", you may change "there" to "thime".

Find/Change can be found in the EDIT menu, or by pressing “Command” + “f”

To use: Enter the word or phrase you wish to find in the Find: box, then, if you want, you can enter a replacment word, or phrase, or even nothing (if you wanted to find all instances of a word and remove it) in the change box.

PAINTING INSIDE A DOCUMENT

If you choose the window menu, you will get the following menu choices: Choose, Show Tools, and you get a new Palette of tools on the left of your document. Choose Hide Tools (shown here) to hide that palette.

You can create a section of your document in which to paint pictures by clicking on the paint tray icon just below the A. The cursor will change to a paintbrush. You can use this paintbrush to draw a box on the screen (click and drag the mouse within your document). Within that box you can use the drawing tools in the palette. You can write text, draw boxes or ovals, fill in the boxes with colors, and so forth. Your last assignment, KINDERGARTEN will involve using these tools to create a document containing both pictures and words
Open the Kindergarten file and make it look like the one below:

Summary of ASSIGNMENTS

1. Make the Blinded by Science file look as it does in the manual, and print a copy to turn in.

2. Complete the corrections of the FULL OF TYPOS letter, save it, and print a copy to turn in.

3. Open the file FROST I and revise it so that it looks like the one shown on the previous page (with the title centered and bold faced, and two inch margins for the body of the poem).

4. Open the file "Find and Change" from your Appleworks folder and make the following changes:

Change all instances of Tom to Albert

Change all instances of Sid to Harry

Change all instances of Aunt Polly to Uncle Henry. Then, change the "she" and "her" references to "he" and "him".

5. Obtain the document KINDERGARTEN from your disk and make the necessary revisions so that it looks like the document tabove.